VTWM(1)

NAME

vtwm - Virtual Tab Window Manager for the X Window System

SYNTAX

vtwm [-display dpy] [-s] [-f initfile] [-v]

DESCRIPTION

Vtwm is a window manager for the X Window System. It provides titlebars, shaped windows, several forms of icon management, user-defined macro functions, click-to-type and pointer-driven keyboard focus, and user-specified key and pointer button bindings.

This program is usually started by the user's session manager or startup script. When used from xdm(1) or xinit(1) without a session manager, vtwm is frequently executed in the foreground as the last client. When run this way, exiting vtwm causes the session to be terminated (i.e. logged out).

By default, application windows are surrounded by a ``frame'' with a titlebar at the top and a special border around the window. The titlebar contains the window's name, a rectangle that is lit when the window is receiving keyboard input, and function boxes known as ``titlebuttons'' at the left and right edges of the titlebar.

Pressing pointer Button1 (usually the left-most button unless it has been changed with xmodmap) on a titlebutton will invoke the function associated with the button. In the default interface, windows are iconified by clicking (pressing and then immediately releasing) the left titlebutton (which looks like a Dot). Conversely, windows are deiconified by clicking in the associated icon or entry in the icon manager (see description of the variable ShowIconManager and of the function f.showiconmgr).

Windows are resized by pressing the right titlebutton (which resembles a group of nested squares), dragging the pointer over edge that is to be moved, and releasing the pointer when the outline of the window is the desired size. Similarly, windows are moved by pressing in the title or highlight region, dragging a window outline to the new location, and then releasing when the outline is in the desired position. Just clicking in the title or highlight region raises the window without moving it.

When new windows are created, vtwm will honor any size and location information requested by the user (usually through -geometry command line argument or resources for the individual applications). Although, with the virtual desktop enabled, the geometry can have different effects, depending on whether it is program-specified or user-specified. When the geometry is not specified, an outline of the window's default size, its titlebar, and lines dividing the window into a 3x3 grid that track the pointer are displayed. Clicking pointer Button1 will position the window at the current position and give it the default size. Pressing pointer Button2 (usually the middle pointer button) and dragging the outline will give the window its current position but allow the sides to be resized as described above. Clicking pointer Button3 (usually the right pointer button) will give the window its current position but attempt to make it long enough to touch the bottom the screen.

THE VIRTUAL DESKTOP
vtwm is based upon the twm window manager, but adds extra functionality in the form of a virtual desktop. The virtual desktop is an area larger than the physical screen. The real screen is considered to be a window onto portions of the virtual desktop showing whatever windows are present in that area of the desktop. To help navigate around the desktop, vtwm creates a new window, of the name “Virtual Desktop”, which shows the entire desktop using a small scale. In the Virtual Desktop window, all windows that exist are displayed and various options are provided to recognize the identity of the different windows (see DesktopDisplayBackground, DesktopDisplayForeground, DesktopDisplayBorder and VirtualDesktopFont).

To provide a consistent workspace, the option is provided of nailing windows onto the real screen. When a window is nailed, it is considered stuck to the real screen no matter what part of the desktop is currently being displayed.

The root window of the display is unchanged by this program and utilities such as xsetroot will continue to work unmodified.

OPTIONS
Vtwm accepts the following command line options:

-display dpy
    This option specifies the X server to use.

-s  This option indicates that only the default screen (as specified by -display or by the DISPLAY environment variable) should be managed. By default, vtwm will attempt to manage all screens on the display.

-f filename
    This option specifies the name of the startup file to use. By default, vtwm will look in the user's home directory for files named .vtwmrc.num, .vtwmrc, .twmrc.num, or .twmrc (num is a screen number).

-v  This option indicates that vtwm should print error messages whenever an unexpected X Error event is received. This can be useful when debugging applications but can be distracting in regular use.

CUSTOMIZATION

Much of vtwm's appearance and behavior can be controlled by providing a startup file in one of the following locations (searched in order for each screen being managed when vtwm begins):

$HOME/.vtwmrc.screennumber
    $HOME/.twmrc.screennumber
    The screennumber is a small positive number (e.g. 0, 1, etc.) representing the screen number (e.g. the last number in the DISPLAY environment variable host:displaynum.screennum) that would be used to contact that screen of the display. This is intended for displays with multiple screens of differing visual types.

$HOME/.vtwmrc
    $HOME/.twmrc
    This is the usual name for an individual user's startup file.

$LIBDIR/twm/system.vtwmrc
    If neither of the preceding files are found, vtwm will look in this file for a default configuration. This is often tailored by the site administrator to provide convenient menus or familiar bindings for novice users.

Whichever startup file is chosen, it is pre-processed with m4 before parsing. The pre-process stage allows you to conditionally specify the behaviour of vtwm depending on what sort of X server you are using. The symbols which are passed in to the pre-process stage can be looked at by using xrdb -symbols .

If no startup files are found, vtwm will use the built-in defaults described above. The only resource used by vtwm is bitmapFilePath for a colon-separated list of directories to search when looking for bitmap files (for more information, see the Athena Widgets manual and xrdb(1)).

Vtwm startup files are logically broken up into three types of specifications: Variables, Bindings, Menus. The Variables section must come first and is used to describe the fonts, colors, cursors, border widths, icon and window placement, highlighting, autoraising, layout of titles, warping, use of the icon manager. The Bindings section usually comes second and is used to specify the functions that should be to be invoked when keyboard and pointer buttons are pressed in windows, icons, titles, and frames. The Menus section gives any user-defined menus (containing functions to be invoked or commands to be executed).

Variable names and keywords are case-insensitive. Strings must be surrounded by double quote characters (e.g. "blue") and are case-sensitive. A pound sign (#) outside of a string causes the remainder of the line in which the character appears to be treated as a comment.

FEATURE INDEX
This is a quick reference list showing which variables you should play with to affect interesting parts of the window manager.

Virtual Desktop
    This is controlled by the variables: AutoPan, DeiconifyToScreen, DesktopDisplayBackground, DesktopDisplayBorder, DesktopDisplayForeground, DontShowInDisplay, Door, DoorFont, DoorForeground, DoorBackground, Doors, NailedDown, NoRaiseDesktopOnMove, PanDistanceX, PanDistanceY, VirtualBackground, VirtualDesktop, VirtualDesktopBorderWidth, VirtualDesktopFont, WarpWindows.

3D Appearance
    This is controlled by: BeNiceToColormap, ButtonBorderWidth, ClearShadowContrast, DarkShadowContrast, UseThreeDIconManagers, UseThreeDTitles, UseThreeDMenus.

Fonts
    DefaultFont, DoorFont, IconFont, IconManagerFont, InfoFont, MenuFont, ResizeFont, TitleFont, VirtualDesktopFont.

Icons
    DeiconifyToScreen, Icons, IconBackground, IconBorderColor, IconDirectory, IconFont, IconForeground, IconifyByUnmapping, IconRegion, IconManagerFont, IconManagerForeground, IconManagerBackground, IconManagerGeometry, IconManagerHighlight, IconManagerShow, IconManagers, NoIconTitle, UseThreeDIconManagers, XpmDirectory.

Color
    BeNiceToColormap, BorderColor, BorderTileBackground, BorderTileForeground, Color, DefaultForeground, DesktopDisplayBackground, DesktopDisplayBorder, DesktopDisplayForeground, DoorBackground, DoorForeground, IconForeground, IconBackground, IconManagerForeground, IconManagerBackgound, InterpolateMenuColors, Monochrome, MenuForeground, MenuBackground, MenuShadowColor, MenuTitleBackground, MenuTitleForeground, TitleForeground, TitleBackground.

VARIABLES

Many of the aspects of vtwm's user interface are controlled by variables that may be set in the user's startup file. Some of the options are enabled or disabled simply by the presence of a particular keyword. Other options require keywords, numbers, strings, or lists of all of these.

Lists are surrounded by braces and are usually separated by whitespace or a newline. For example:
    AutoRaise { "emacs" "XTerm" "Xmh" }
or
    AutoRaise
    {
    	"emacs"
    	"XTerm"
    	"Xmh"
    }
When a variable containing a list of strings representing windows is searched (e.g. to determine whether or not to enable autoraise as shown above), a string must be an exact, case-sensitive match to the window's name name (given by the WM_NAME window property), resource name or class name (both given by the WM_CLASS window property). The preceding example would enable autoraise on windows named ``emacs'' as well as any xterm (since they are of class ``XTerm'') or xmh windows (which are of class ``Xmh'').

String arguments that are interpreted as filenames (see the Pixmaps, Cursors, and IconDirectory below) will prepend the user's directory (specified by the HOME environment variable) if the first character is a tilde (~). If, instead, the first character is a colon (:), the name is assumed to refer to one of the internal bitmaps that are used to create the default titlebars symbols: :xlogo or :iconify (both refer to the X used for the iconify button), :resize (the nested squares used by the resize button), and :question (the question mark used for non-existent bitmap files).

The following variables may be specified at the top of a vtwm startup file. Lists of Window name prefix strings are indicated by win-list. Optional arguments are shown in square brackets:

AutoPan N
    This variable allows the screen to automatically pan by N% when the mouse approaches the edge of the screen. The pan will be in the direction of the edge approached. On reasonably fast machines a value of 5 is nice.

AutoRaise [{ win-list }]
    This variable specifies a list of windows (all windows if the list is defaulted) to be automatically raised whenever the pointer has come to rest in a window for the amount of time specified by the RaiseDelay variable. This action can be interactively enabled or disabled on individual windows using the function f.autoraise.

AutoRaiseDelay milliseconds
    For windows that are to be automatically raised when the pointer enters (see the AutoRaise variable and the f.autoraise function) this variable specifies the length of time the pointer should rest in the window before it is raised. The default is 0 milliseconds. 400 milliseconds works well.

AutoRelativeResize
    This variable indicates that dragging out a window size (either when initially sizing the window with pointer Button2 or when resizing it) should not wait until the pointer has crossed the window edges. Instead, moving the pointer automatically causes the nearest edge or edges to move by the same amount. This allows the resizing windows that extend off the edge of the screen. If the pointer is in the center of the window, or if the resize is begun by pressing a titlebutton, vtwm will still wait for the pointer to cross a window edge (to prevent accidents). This option is particularly useful for people who like the press-drag-release method of sweeping out window sizes.

BeNiceToColormap
    By defaults new colors are allocated for shadows when a 3D look is used, but when you specify BeNiceToColormap vtwm uses stipling instead of new colors, the effect is less beautiful, but acceptable. In this case ClearShadowContrast and DarkShadowContrast have no effects.

BorderColor string [{ wincolorlist }]
    This variable specifies the default color of the border to be placed around all non-iconified windows, and may only be given within a Color or Monochrome list. The optional wincolorlist specifies a list of window and color name pairs for specifying particular border colors for different types of windows. For example:
        BorderColor "gray50"
        {
        	"XTerm"	"red"
        	"xmh"	"green"
        }
    The default is "black".

BorderTileBackground string [{ wincolorlist }]
    This variable specifies the default background color in the gray pattern used in unhighlighted borders (only if NoHighlight hasn't been set), and may only be given within a Color or Monochrome list. The optional wincolorlist allows per-window colors to be specified. The default is "white".

BorderTileForeground string [{ wincolorlist }]
    This variable specifies the default foreground color in the gray pattern used in unhighlighted borders (only if NoHighlight hasn't been set), and may only be given within a Color or Monochrome list. The optional wincolorlist allows per-window colors to be specified. The default is "black".

BorderWidth pixels
    This variable specifies the width in pixels of the border surrounding all client window frames if ClientBorderWidth has not been specified. This value is also used to set the border size of windows created by vtwm (such as the icon manager). The default is 2.

ButtonIndent pixels
    This variable specifies the amount by which titlebuttons should be indented on all sides. Positive values cause the buttons to be smaller than the window text and highlight area so that they stand out. Setting this and the TitleButtonBorderWidth variables to 0 makes titlebuttons be as tall and wide as possible. The default is 1.

CenteredInfoBox
    Indicated that the information window giving the geometry of a window when moving or resizing should be centered in the screen.

ClearShadowContrast contrast
    Indicates to vtwm hos to calculate the clear shadow color for 3D items. The value is a comprised between 0 and 100. The formula used is :
            clear.{RGB} = (65535 - color.{RGB}) * (contrast / 100).
    Has no effect if BeNiceToColormap is active.

ClientBorderWidth
    This variable indicates that border width of a window's frame should be set to the initial border width of the window, rather than to the value of BorderWidth.

Color { colors-list }
    This variable specifies a list of color assignments to be made if the default display is capable of displaying more than simple black and white. The colors-list is made up of the following color variables and their values: DefaultBackground, DefaultForeground, MenuBackground, MenuForeground, MenuTitleBackground, MenuTitleForeground, and MenuShadowColor. The following color variables may also be given a list of window and color name pairs to allow per-window colors to be specified (see BorderColor for details): BorderColor, DesktopDisplayForeground, DesktopDisplayBackground, RealScreenForeground, RealScreenBackground, VirtualForeground, VirtualBackground, DekstopDisplayBorder, IconManagerHighlight, BorderTitleBackground, BorderTitleForeground, TitleBackground, TitleForeground, IconBackground, IconForeground, IconBorderColor, IconManagerBackground, and IconManagerForeground. For example:
        Color
        {
        	MenuBackground		"gray50"
        	MenuForeground		"blue"
        	BorderColor		"red" {
        		 "XTerm" "yellow"
        	 }
        	TitleForeground		"yellow"
        	TitleBackground		"blue"
        }
    All of these color variables may also be specified for the Monochrome variable, allowing the same initialization file to be used on both color and monochrome displays. The special name of ":random" may be given as any color definition, in which case a random color is allocated for that assignment.

ConstrainedMoveTime milliseconds
    This variable specifies the length of time between button clicks needed to begin a constrained move operation. Double clicking within this amount of time when invoking f.move will cause the window only be moved in a horizontal or vertical direction. Setting this value to 0 will disable constrained moves. The default is 400 milliseconds.

Cursors { cursor-list }
    This variable specifies the glyphs that vtwm should use for various pointer cursors. Each cursor may be defined either from the cursor font or from two bitmap files. Shapes from the cursor font may be specified directly as:
        	cursorname	"string"
    where cursorname is one of the cursor names listed below, and string is the name of a glyph as found in the file /usr/include/X11/cursorfont.h (without the ``XC_'' prefix). If the cursor is to be defined from bitmap files, the following syntax is used instead:
        	cursorname	"image"	"mask"
    The image and mask strings specify the names of files containing the glyph image and mask in bitmap(1) form. The bitmap files are located in the same manner as icon bitmap files. The following example shows the default cursor definitions:
        Cursors
        {
        	Frame		"top_left_arrow"
        	Title		"top_left_arrow"
        	Icon		"top_left_arrow"
        	IconMgr		"top_left_arrow"
        	Move		"fleur"
        	Resize		"fleur"
        	Menu		"sb_left_arrow"
        	Button		"hand2"
        	Wait		"watch"
        	Select		"dot"
        	Destroy		"pirate"
        	Door      "exchange"
        	Virtual   "rtl_logo"
        	Desktop   "dotbox"
        }

DecorateTransients
    This variable indicates that transient windows (those containing a WM_TRANSIENT_FOR property) should have titlebars. By default, transients are not reparented.

DefaultBackground string
    This variable specifies the background color to be used for sizing and information windows. The default is "white".

DefaultFont string
    This gives the default font to use for all text. Specific fonts (e.g. the ResizeFont), when set, will override this value.

DefaultForeground string
    This variable specifies the foreground color to be used for sizing and information windows. The default is "black".

DeiconifyToScreen
    When deiconifying a window, by default, the window will be placed at its previous geometry in the virtual desktop. With this variable set, vtwm ensures that the window will be placed somewhere on the real screen.

DesktopDisplayBackground color [{ win-list }]
    This variable sets the backgrounds of the little windows inside the Virtual Desktop window, AND it sets the backgrounds of menu entries in the "TWM Windows" menu. The default color is used for the default background of windows not named in the list. The optional win-list is a list of window names and colors, for example:
        	DesktopDisplayBackground "purple" {
        		"zwgc" "green"
        	}

DesktopDisplayBorder color [{ win-list }]
    This variable sets the border color in the virtual desktop representation window to color. The win-list is in the same format as TitleForeground and other similar variables.
        	DesktopDisplayBorder "black" {
        		"zwgc" "green"
        	}

DesktopDisplayForeground color [{ win-list }]
    If both this and the VirtualDesktopFont variable are set, then the names of the windows will be written in the window representations shown in the desktop. This entry also sets foreground colors for entries in the "TWM Windows" menu. The format of this variable is the same as that used for DesktopDisplayBackground.

DontIconifyByUnmapping { win-list }
    This variable specifies a list of windows that should not be iconified by simply unmapping the window (as would be the case if IconifyByUnmapping had been set). This is frequently used to force some windows to be treated as icons while other windows are handled by the icon manager.

DontMoveOff
    This variable indicates that windows should not be allowed to be moved off the screen. It can be overridden by the f.forcemove function.

DontShowInDisplay { list }
    This variable specifies a list of clients that should not appear in the desktop display. It is useful to define as a minimum the list:
        	DontShowInDisplay {
        		"VirtualDesktop"
        		"TWM Door"
        	}

DontSqueezeTitle [{ win-list }]
    This variable indicates that titlebars should not be squeezed to their minimum size as described under SqueezeTitle below. If the optional window list is supplied, only those windows will be prevented from being squeezed.

DoorBackground color [{ door-list }]
    Specifies background colors of doors.

DoorFont string
    This variable specifies the font to be used for text in doors. This must be set in order to see the doors.

DoorForeground color [{ door-list }]
    Specifies foreground colors of doors.

Doors { door-list }
    This variable is used to create doors, which are teleports. Each item in the door-list has the following format:
        	"winname" "location" "jumpTo"
    Windows with the name winname appear with geometry and position as defined in location, and warp the user to jumpTo when f.enterdoor is executed inside them. Doors have a class of `Twm Door'.

ForceIcons
    This variable indicates that icon pixmaps specified in the Icons variable should override any client-supplied pixmaps.

FramePadding pixels
    This variable specifies the distance between the titlebar decorations (the button and text) and the window frame. The default is 2 pixels.

IconBackground string [{ win-list }]
    This variable specifies the background color of icons, and may only be specified inside of a Color or Monochrome list. The optional win-list is a list of window names and colors so that per-window colors may be specified. See the BorderColor variable for a complete description of the win-list. The default is "white".

IconBorderColor string [{ win-list }]
    This variable specifies the color of the border used for icon windows, and may only be specified inside of a Color or Monochrome list. The optional win-list is a list of window names and colors so that per-window colors may be specified. See the BorderColor variable for a complete description of the win-list. The default is "black".

IconBorderWidth pixels
    This variable specifies the width in pixels of the border surrounding icon windows. The default is 2.

IconDirectory string
    This variable specifies the directory that should be searched if if a bitmap file cannot be found in any of the directories in the bitmapFilePath resource.

IconFont string
    This variable specifies the font to be used to display icon names within icons. The default is "variable".

IconForeground string [{ win-list }]
    This variable specifies the foreground color to be used when displaying icons, and may only be specified inside of a Color or Monochrome list. The optional win-list is a list of window names and colors so that per-window colors may be specified. See the BorderColor variable for a complete description of the win-list. The default is "black".

IconifyByUnmapping [{ win-list }]
    This variable indicates that windows should be iconified by being unmapped without trying to map any icons. This assumes that the user is will remap the window through the icon manager, the f.warpto function, or the TwmWindows menu. If the optional win-list is provided, only those windows will be iconified by simply unmapping. Windows that have both this and the IconManagerDontShow options set may not be accessible if no binding to the TwmWindows menu is set in the user's startup file.

IconManagerBackground string [{ win-list }]
    This variable specifies the background color to use for icon manager entries, and may only be specified inside of a Color or Monochrome list. The optional win-list is a list of window names and colors so that per-window colors may be specified. See the BorderColor variable for a complete description of the win-list. The default is "white".

IconManagerDontShow [{ win-list }]
    This variable indicates that the icon manager should not display any windows. If the optional win-list is given, only those windows will not be displayed. This variable is used to prevent windows that are rarely iconified (such as xclock or xload) from taking up space in the icon manager.

IconManagerFont string
    This variable specifies the font to be used when displaying icon manager entries. The default is "variable".

IconManagerForeground string [{ win-list }]
    This variable specifies the foreground color to be used when displaying icon manager entries, and may only be specified inside of a Color or Monochrome list. The optional win-list is a list of window names and colors so that per-window colors may be specified. See the BorderColor variable for a complete description of the win-list. The default is "black".

IconManagerGeometry string [ columns ]
    This variable specifies the geometry of the icon manager window. The string argument is standard geometry specification that indicates the initial full size of the icon manager. The icon manager window is then broken into columns pieces and scaled according to the number of entries in the icon manager. Extra entries are wrapped to form additional rows. The default number of columns is 1.

IconManagerHighlight string [{ win-list }]
    This variable specifies the border color to be used when highlighting the icon manager entry that currently has the focus, and can only be specified inside of a Color or Monochrome list. The optional win-list is a list of window names and colors so that per-window colors may be specified. See the BorderColor variable for a complete description of the win-list. The default is "black".

IconManagers { iconmgr-list }
    This variable specifies a list of icon managers to create. Each item in the iconmgr-list has the following format:
        	"winname" ["iconname"]	"geometry" columns
    where winname is the name of the windows that should be put into this icon manager, iconname is the name of that icon manager window's icon, geometry is a standard geometry specification, and columns is the number of columns in this icon manager as described in IconManagerGeometry. For example:
        IconManagers
        {
        	"XTerm"	"=300x5+800+5"	5
        	"myhost"	"=400x5+100+5"	2
        }
    Clients whose name or class is ``XTerm'' will have an entry created in the ``XTerm'' icon manager. Clients whose name was ``myhost'' would be put into the ``myhost'' icon manager.

IconManagerShow { win-list }
    This variable specifies a list of windows that should appear in the icon manager. When used in conjunction with the IconManagerDontShow variable, only the windows in this list will be shown in the icon manager.

IconRegion geomstring vgrav hgrav gridwidth gridheight
    This variable specifies an area on the root window in which icons are placed if no specific icon location is provided by the client. The geomstring is a quoted string containing a standard geometry specification. If more than one IconRegion lines are given, icons will be put into the succeeding icon regions when the first is full. The vgrav argument should be either North or South and control and is used to control whether icons are first filled in from the top or bottom of the icon region. Similarly, the hgrav argument should be either East or West and is used to control whether icons should be filled in from left from the right. Icons are laid out within the region in a grid with cells gridwidth pixels wide and gridheight pixels high.

Icons { win-list }
    This variable specifies a list of window names and the bitmap filenames that should be used as their icons. For example:
        Icons
        {
        	"XTerm"	"xterm.icon"
        	"xfd"		"xfd_icon"
        }
    Windows that match ``XTerm'' and would not be iconified by unmapping, and would try to use the icon bitmap in the file ``xterm.icon''. If ForceIcons is specified, this bitmap will be used even if the client has requested its own icon pixmap.

InfoFont font
    This specifies the font to use when displaying the version information, or when identifying a window. It is best if this font is of fixed width, as the window information is tabulated with spaces.

InterpolateMenuColors
    This variable indicates that menu entry colors should be interpolated between entry specified colors. In the example below:
        Menu "mymenu"
        {
        	"Title"	("black":"red")		f.title
        	"entry1"				f.nop
        	"entry2"				f.nop
        	"entry3"	("white":"green")	f.nop
        	"entry4"				f.nop
        	"entry5"	("red":"white")		f.nop
        }
    the foreground colors for ``entry1'' and ``entry2'' will be interpolated between black and white, and the background colors between red and green. Similarly, the foreground for ``entry4'' will be half-way between white and red, and the background will be half-way between green and white.

MakeTitle { win-list }
    This variable specifies a list of windows on which a titlebar should be placed and is used to request titles on specific windows when NoTitle has been set.

MaxWindowSize string
    This variable specifies a geometry in which the width and height give the maximum size for a given window. This is typically used to restrict windows to the size of the screen. The default is "30000x30000".

MenuBackground string
    This variable specifies the background color used for menus, and can only be specified inside of a Color or Monochrome list. The default is "white".

MenuFont string
    This variable specifies the font to use when displaying menus. The default is "variable".

MenuForeground string
    This variable specifies the foreground color used for menus, and can only be specified inside of a Color or Monochrome list. The default is "black".

MenuShadowColor string
    This variable specifies the color of the shadow behind pull-down menus and can only be specified inside of a Color or Monochrome list. The default is "black".

MenuTitleBackground string
    This variable specifies the background color for f.title entries in menus, and can only be specified inside of a Color or Monochrome list. The default is "white".

MenuTitleForeground string
    This variable specifies the foreground color for f.title entries in menus and can only be specified inside of a Color or Monochrome list. The default is "black".

Monochrome { colors }
    This variable specifies a list of color assignments that should be made if the screen has a depth of 1. See the description of Colors.

MoveDelta pixels
    This variable specifies the number of pixels the pointer must move before the f.move function starts working. Also see the f.deltastop function. The default is zero pixels.

NailedDown { list }
    This variable gives a list of clients that are nailed initially. It is usual to provide as a minimum the list:
        	NailedDown {
        		"Virtual Desktop"
        		"TWM Door"
        		"TWM Icon Manager"
        	}

NoBackingStore
    This variable indicates that vtwm's menus should not request backing store to minimize repainting of menus. This is typically used with servers that can repaint faster than they can handle backing store.

NoCaseSensitive
    This variable indicates that case should be ignored when sorting icon names in an icon manager. This option is typically used with applications that capitalize the first letter of their icon name.

NoDefaults
    This variable indicates that vtwm should not supply the default titlebuttons and bindings. This option should only be used if the startup file contains a completely new set of bindings and definitions.

NoGrabServer
    This variable indicates that vtwm should not grab the server when popping up menus and moving opaque windows.

NoHighlight [{ win-list }]
    This variable indicates that borders should not be highlighted to track the location of the pointer. If the optional win-list is given, highlighting will only be disabled for those windows. When the border is highlighted, it will be drawn in the current BorderColor. When the border is not highlighted, it will be stippled with an gray pattern using the current BorderTileForeground and BorderTileBackground colors.

NoIconManagers
    This variable indicates that no icon manager should be created.

NoMenuShadows
    This variable indicates that menus should not have drop shadows drawn behind them. This is typically used with slower servers since it speeds up menu drawing at the expense of making the menu slightly harder to read.

NoRaiseDesktopOnMove
    When moving windows around the screen, the default behaviour of vtwm is to raise the desktop window at the start. This ensures that you can move the window in and out of the desktop easily. This keyword disables the raising of the window.

NoRaiseOnDeiconify
    This variable indicates that windows that are deiconified should not be raised.

NoRaiseOnMove
    This variable indicates that windows should not be raised when moved. This is typically used to allow windows to slide underneath each other.

NoRaiseOnResize
    This variable indicates that windows should not be raised when resized. This is typically used to allow windows to be resized underneath each other.

NoRaiseOnWarp
    This variable indicates that windows should not be raised when the pointer is warped into them with the f.warpto function. If this option is set, warping to an occluded window may result in the pointer ending up in the occluding window instead the desired window (which causes unexpected behavior with f.warpring).

NoSaveUnders
    This variable indicates that menus should not request save-unders to minimize window repainting following menu selection. It is typically used with displays that can repaint faster than they can handle save-unders.

NoStackMode [{ win-list }]
    This variable indicates that client window requests to change stacking order should be ignored. If the optional win-list is given, only requests on those windows will be ignored. This is typically used to prevent applications from relentlessly popping themselves to the front of the window stack.

NoTitle [{ win-list }]
    This variable indicates that windows should not have titlebars. If the optional win-list is given, only those windows will not have titlebars. MakeTitle may be used with this option to force titlebars to be put on specific windows.

NoTitleFocus
    This variable indicates that vtwm should not set keyboard input focus to each window as it is entered. Normally, vtwm sets the focus so that focus and key events from the titlebar and icon managers are delivered to the application. If the pointer is moved quickly and vtwm is slow to respond, input can be directed to the old window instead of the new. This option is typically used to prevent this ``input lag'' and to work around bugs in older applications that have problems with focus events.

NoTitleHighlight [{ win-list }]
    This variable indicates that the highlight area of the titlebar, which is used to indicate the window that currently has the input focus, should not be displayed. If the optional win-list is given, only those windows will not have highlight areas. This and the SqueezeTitle options can be set to substantially reduce the amount of screen space required by titlebars.

otVirtualGeometries
    It's in the program. Not sure what it means.

OpaqueMove
    This variable indicates that the f.move function should actually move the window instead of just an outline so that the user can immediately see what the window will look like in the new position. This option is typically used on fast displays (particularly if NoGrabServer is set).

PanDistanceX value
    PanDistanceY value
    These variables define a grid of screens for the virtual desktop. When the f.snap function is called, the real screen will be moved to the closest grid location. The (mis)naming of these variables is for historical reasons.

Pixmaps { pixmaps }
    This variable specifies a list of pixmaps that define the appearance of various images. Each entry is a keyword indicating the pixmap to set, followed by a string giving the name of the bitmap file. The following pixmaps may be specified:
        Pixmaps
        {
        	TitleHighlight	"gray1"
        	RealScreenPixmap "something"
        	VirtualBackgroundPixmap "something else"
        }
    The default for TitleHighlight is to use an even stipple pattern.

RaiseDelay milliseconds
    For windows that are to be automatically raised when the pointer enters (see the AutoRaise variable and the f.autoraise function) this variable specifies the length of time the pointer should rest in the window before it is raised. The default is 0 milliseconds. 400 milliseconds works well.

RandomPlacement
    This variable indicates that windows with no specified geometry should should be placed in a pseudo-random location instead of having the user drag out an outline.

RealScreenBackground string
    See RealScreenForeground.

RealScreenForeground string
    Inside what vtwm calls the virtual desktop window, but which we might call the "panner", is a little window that shows where the physical screen is located in virtual space. The vtwm source code calls this little window the RealScreen. Its foreground color has no meaning unless you give it a bitmap.

RealScreenPixmap string
    Names a bitmap used to decorate the RealScreen window. A sample is provided, realscr.bm, but your mileage may vary as the size of your screen varies! It is easy to find out the size of this window and to create a concentric-rectangle bitmap for it; that is the recommended procedure.

ResizeFont string
    This variable specifies the font to be used for in the dimensions window when resizing windows. The default is "fixed".

RestartPreviousState
    This variable indicates that vtwm should attempt to use the WM_STATE property on client windows to tell which windows should be iconified and which should be left visible. This is typically used to try to regenerate the state that the screen was in before the previous window manager was shutdown.

SaveColor { colors-list }
    This variable indicates a list of color assignments to be stored as pixel values in the root window property _MIT_PRIORITY_COLORS. Clients may elect to preserve these values when installing their own colormap. Note that use of this mechanism is a way an for application to avoid the "technicolor" problem, whereby useful screen objects such as window borders and titlebars disappear when a programs custom colors are installed by the window manager. For example:
        SaveColor
        {
                BorderColor
                TitleBackground
                TitleForeground
                "red"
                "green"
                "blue"
        }
    This would place on the root window 3 pixel values for borders and titlebars, as well as the three color strings, all taken from the default colormap.

ShowIconManager
    This variable indicates that the icon manager window should be displayed when vtwm is started. It can always be brought up using the f.showiconmgr function.

SnapRealScreen
    This variable causes the real screen to snap to a grid defined in PanDistanceX and PanDistanceY increments whenever the representation moves.

SortIconManager
    This variable indicates that entries in the icon manager should be sorted alphabetically rather than by simply appending new windows to the end.

SqueezeTitle [{ squeeze-list }]
    This variable indicates that vtwm should attempt to use the SHAPE extension to make titlebars occupy only as much screen space as they need, rather than extending all the way across the top of the window. The optional squeeze-list may be used to control the location of the squeezed titlebar along the top of the window. It contains entries of the form:
        	"name"		justification	num	denom
    where name is a window name, justification is either left, center, or right, and num and denom are numbers specifying a ratio giving the relative position about which the titlebar is justified. The ratio is measured from left to right if the numerator is positive, and right to left if negative. A denominator of 0 indicates that the numerator should be measured in pixels. For convenience, the ratio 0/0 is the same as 1/2 for center and -1/1 for right. For example:
        SqueezeTitle
        {
        	"XTerm"	left		0	0
        	"xterm1"	left		1	3
        	"xterm2"	left		2	3
        	"oclock"	center		0	0
        	"emacs"	right		0	0
        }
    The DontSqueezeTitle list can be used to turn off squeezing on certain titles.

StartIconified [{ win-list }]
    This variable indicates that client windows should initially be left as icons until explicitly deiconified by the user. If the optional win-list is given, only those windows will be started iconic. This is useful for programs that do not support an -iconic command line option or resource.

Sticky { list }
    A synonym for NailedDown.

SunkFocusWindowTitle
    This variable specifies that the title of the focus window (if exists) should be sunken instead of raised. Only valid if UseThreeDTitles is set.

TitleBackground string [{ win-list }]
    This variable specifies the background color used in titlebars, and may only be specified inside of a Color or Monochrome list. The optional win-list is a list of window names and colors so that per-window colors may be specified. The default is "white".

TitleButtonBorderWidth pixels
    This variable specifies the width in pixels of the border surrounding titlebuttons. This is typically set to 0 to allow titlebuttons to take up as much space as possible and to not have a border. The default is 1.

TitleFont string
    This variable specifies the font to used for displaying window names in titlebars. The default is "variable".

TitleForeground string [{ win-list }]
    This variable specifies the foreground color used in titlebars, and may only be specified inside of a Color or Monochrome list. The optional win-list is a list of window names and colors so that per-window colors may be specified. The default is "black".

TitlePadding pixels
    This variable specifies the distance between the various buttons, text, and highlight areas in the titlebar. The default is 8 pixels.

TransientOnTop percentage
    The paramater (required) is a percentage and tells vtwm to put transient (and non-group leader) windows always on top of their leader if and only if their surface is smaller than this fraction of the surface of their leader. The surface of a window is the its width times its weight.

UnknownIcon string
    This variable specifies the filename of a bitmap file to be used as the default icon. This bitmap will be used as the icon of all clients which do not provide an icon bitmap and are not listed in the Icons list.

UsePPosition string
    This variable specifies whether or not vtwm should honor program-requested locations (given by the PPosition flag in the WM_NORMAL_HINTS property) in the absence of a user-specified position. The argument string may have one of three values: "off" (the default) indicating that vtwm should ignore the program-supplied position, "on" indicating that the position should be used, and "non-zero" indicating that the position should used if it is other than (0,0). The latter option is for working around a bug in older toolkits.

UseThreeDIconManagers
    Tells vtwm to use 3D-looking IconManagers if any.

UseThreeDMenus
    Tells vtwm to use 3D-looking menus.

UseThreeDTitles
    Tells vtwm to use 3D-looking windows titles. In which case the default values of TitleButtonBorderWidth, FramePadding, TitlePadding and ButtonIndent are set to 0. There is 5 built-in scalable pixmap for buttons, :xpm:menu, :xpm:dot, :xpm:resize, :xpm:zoom and :xpm:bar.

VirtualBackground string
    This is the background color for the panner, a.k.a. the Virtual Desktop window.

VirtualBackgroundPixmap string
    Names a bitmap to decorate the panner. See also the nexpm program.

VirtualForeground string
    Foreground for the panner; has no use unless you specify a panner bitmap.

VirtualDesktop geometry scale
    This variable must be set to enable the virtual desktop features of vtwm. If this variable is not set, vtwm will behave in the same manner as twm. This variable specifies where to place the virtual desktop window and its size. The geometry is a standard X geometry specification and defines the size and location of the window containing the desktop representation. The scale parameter specifies the scaling of the window compared to the desktop. The size of the currently accessible virtual desktop is scale times the size of the desktop window. In the following example, a scale of 20 means that the desktop area is 20 times the size of the desktop window: the desktop area will be 4000x4000.
        	VirtualDesktop "200x200+10+10" 20
    Formerly, the size of the desktop could be changed dynamically, by simply resizing the Virtual Desktop window. This required the creation of a huge window, to accomodate the largest possible panner. This is no longer true. The startup size is already the maximum size. The scaling value is also fixed at startup and cannot be changed.

VirtualDesktopBorderWidth width
    This specifies the width of the border placed around the real screen area in the desktop window. If zero, then no line is drawn. The default is a border of 1 when using a monochrome display, else no border with a color display. It is assumed that the user will use color to differentiate between the desktop and the real screen.

VirtualFont font
    This variable causes font to be used when displaying the names of windows in the virtual desktop display. If this variable is not set, then names will not be displayed. The DesktopDisplayForeground should also be set for this feature to be useful.

WarpCursor [{ win-list }]
    This variable indicates that the pointer should be warped into windows when they are deiconified. If the optional win-list is given, the pointer will only be warped when those windows are deiconified.

WarpUnmapped
    This variable indicates that that the f.warpto function should deiconify any iconified windows it encounters. This is typically used to make a key binding that will pop a particular window (such as xmh), no matter where it is. The default is for f.warpto to ignore iconified windows.

WarpWindows
    When warping to a window, by default the real screen will be moved to find the window on the virtual desktop. With this set, the window itself will be warped to the real screen, moving the window in the virtual desktop.

WindowRing { win-list }
    This variable specifies a list of windows along which the f.warpring function cycles.

XorValue number
    This variable specifies the value to use when drawing window outlines for moving and resizing. This should be set to a value that will result in a variety of of distinguishable colors when exclusive-or'ed with the contents of the user's typical screen. Setting this variable to 1 often gives nice results if adjacent colors in the default colormap are distinct. By default, vtwm will attempt to cause temporary lines to appear at the opposite end of the colormap from the graphics.

Zoom [ count ]
    This variable indicates that outlines suggesting movement of a window to and from its iconified state should be displayed whenever a window is iconified or deiconified. The optional count argument specifies the number of outlines to be drawn. The default count is 8.

The following variables must be set after the fonts have been assigned, so it is usually best to put them at the end of the variables or beginning of the bindings sections:

DefaultFunction function
    This variable specifies the function to be executed when a key or button event is received for which no binding is provided. This is typically bound to f.nop, f.beep, or a menu containing window operations.

WindowFunction function
    This variable specifies the function to execute when a window is selected from the TwmWindows menu. If this variable is not set, the window will be deiconified and raised.

BINDINGS

After the desired variables have been set, functions may be attached titlebuttons and key and pointer buttons. Titlebuttons may be added from the left or right side and appear in the titlebar from left-to-right according to the order in which they are specified. Key and pointer button bindings may be given in any order.

Titlebuttons specifications must include the name of the pixmap to use in the button box and the function to be invoked when a pointer button is pressed within them:
    LeftTitleButton "bitmapname"	= function
or
    RightTitleButton "bitmapname"	= function
The bitmapname may refer to one of the built-in bitmaps (which are scaled to match TitleFont) by using the appropriate colon-prefixed name described above.

Key and pointer button specifications must give the modifiers that must be pressed, over which parts of the screen the pointer must be, and what function is to be invoked. Keys are given as strings containing the appropriate keysym name; buttons are given as the keywords Button1-Button5:
    "FP1"		= modlist : context : function
    Button1	= modlist : context : function
The modlist is any combination of the modifier names shift, control, lock, meta, mod1, mod2, mod3, mod4, or mod5 (which may be abbreviated as s, c, l, m, m1, m2, m3, m4, m5, respectively) separated by a vertical bar (|). Similarly, the context is any combination of window, title, icon, root, frame, virtual, desktop, door, iconmgr, their first letters (iconmgr abbreviation is m, door has no abbreviation), or all, separated by a vertical bar. The function is any of the f. keywords described below. For example, the default startup file contains the following bindings:
    Button1	=	: root		: f.menu "TwmWindows"
    Button1	= m	: window | icon	: f.function "move-or-lower"
    Button2	= m	: window | icon	: f.iconify
    Button3	= m	: window | icon	: f.function "move-or-raise"
    Button1	=	: title		: f.function "move-or-raise"
    Button2	=	: title		: f.raiselower
    Button1	=	: icon		: f.function "move-or-iconify"
    Button2	=	: icon		: f.iconify
    Button1	=	: iconmgr	: f.iconify
    Button2	=	: iconmgr	: f.iconify
A user who wanted to be able to manipulate windows from the keyboard could use the following bindings:
    "F1"		=	: all		: f.iconify
    "F2"		=	: all		: f.raiselower
    "F3"		=	: all		: f.warpring "next"
    "F4"		=	: all		: f.warpto "xmh"
    "F5"		=	: all		: f.warpto "emacs"
    "F6"		=	: all		: f.colormap "next"
    "F7"		=	: all		: f.colormap "default"
    "F20"		=	: all		: f.warptoscreen "next"
    "Left"		= m	: all		: f.backiconmgr
    "Right"	= m | s	: all		: f.forwiconmgr
    "Up"		= m	: all		: f.upiconmgr
    "Down"	= m | s	: all		: f.downiconmgr
Vtwm provides many more window manipulation primitives than can be conveniently stored in a titlebar, menu, or set of key bindings. Although a small set of defaults are supplied (unless the NoDefaults is specified), most users will want to have their most common operations bound to key and button strokes. To do this, vtwm associates names with each of the primitives and provides user-defined functions for building higher level primitives and menus for interactively selecting among groups of functions.

User-defined functions contain the name by which they are referenced in calls to f.function and a list of other functions to execute. For example:
    Function "move-or-lower"	{ f.move f.deltastop f.lower }
    Function "move-or-raise"	{ f.move f.deltastop f.raise }
    Function "move-or-iconify"	{ f.move f.deltastop f.iconify }
    Function "restore-colormap"	{ f.colormap "default" f.lower }
The function name must be used in f.function exactly as it appears in the function specification.

In the descriptions below, if the function is said to operate on the selected window, but is invoked from a root menu, the cursor will be changed to the Select cursor and the next window to receive a button press will be chosen:

! string
    This is an abbreviation for f.exec string.

f.autopan
    If autopan wasn't configured in your .vtwmrc file, this does nothing. If, however, it was configured, this toggles the current autopan state. The reason for this command is that autopan is sometimes nice to have, but it interferes with using sticky windows that are near the edge of the screen. With this command, you get the best of both worlds.

f.autoraise
    This function toggles whether or not the selected window is raised whenever entered by the pointer. See the description of the variable AutoRaise.

f.backiconmgr
    This function warps the pointer to the previous column in the current icon manager, wrapping back to the previous row if necessary.

f.beep
    This function sounds the keyboard bell.

f.bottomzoom
    This function is similar to the f.fullzoom function, but resizes the window to fill only the bottom half of the screen.

f.circledown
    This function lowers the top-most window that occludes another window.

f.circleup
    This function raises the bottom-most window that is occluded by another window.

f.colormap string
    This function rotates the colormaps (obtained from the WM_COLORMAP_WINDOWS property on the window) that vtwm will display when the pointer is in this window. The argument string may have one of the following values: "next", "prev", and "default". It should be noted here that in general, the installed colormap is determined by keyboard focus. A pointer driven keyboard focus will install a private colormap upon entry of the window owning the colormap. Using the click to type model, private colormaps will not be installed until the user presses a mouse button on the target window.

f.deiconify
    This function deiconifies the selected window. If the window is not an icon, this function does nothing.

f.delete
    This function sends the WM_DELETE_WINDOW message to the selected window if the client application has requested it through the WM_PROTOCOLS window property. The application is supposed to respond to the message by removing the indicated window. If the window has not requested WM_DELETE_WINDOW messages, the keyboard bell will be rung indicating that the user should choose an alternative method. Note this is very different from f.destroy. The intent here is to delete a single window, not necessarily the entire application.

f.deltastop
    This function allows a user-defined function to be aborted if the pointer has been moved more than MoveDelta pixels. See the example definition given for Function "move-or-raise" at the beginning of the section.

f.destroy
    This function instructs the X server to close the display connection of the client that created the selected window. This should only be used as a last resort for shutting down runaway clients. See also f.delete.

f.downiconmgr
    This function warps the pointer to the next row in the current icon manger, wrapping to the beginning of the next column if necessary.

f.enterdoor
    This function activates this door. Typically one binds:
        	Button1 =   : door  : f.enterdoor
        	Button2 =   : door  : f.enterdoor
        	Button3 =   : door  : f.enterdoor

f.exec string
    This function passes the argument string to /bin/sh for execution. In multiscreen mode, if string starts a new X client without giving a display argument, the client will appear on the screen from which this function was invoked.

f.focus
    This function toggles the keyboard focus of the server to the selected window, changing the focus rule from pointer-driven if necessary. If the selected window already was focused, this function executes an f.unfocus.

f.forcemove
    This function is like f.move except that it ignores the DontMoveOff variable.

f.forwiconmgr
    This function warps the pointer to the next column in the current icon manager, wrapping to the beginning of the next row if necessary.

f.fullzoom
    This function resizes the selected window to the full size of the display or else restores the original size if the window was already zoomed.

f.function string
    This function executes the user-defined function whose name is specified by the argument string.

f.hbzoom
    This function is a synonym for f.bottomzoom.

f.hidedesktopdisplay
    This function unmaps the desktop display.

f.hideiconmgr
    This function unmaps the current icon manager.

f.horizoom
    This variable is similar to the f.zoom function except that the selected window is resized to the full width of the display.

f.htzoom
    This function is a synonym for f.topzoom.

f.hzoom
    This function is a synonym for f.horizoom.

f.iconify
    This function iconifies or deiconifies the selected window or icon, respectively.

f.identify
    This function displays a summary of the name and geometry of the selected window. Clicking the pointer or pressing a key in the window will dismiss it. If the function is invoked on a desktop representation of a window, the real window which is represented will be identified.

f.lefticonmgr
    This function similar to f.backiconmgr except that wrapping does not change rows.

f.leftzoom
    This variable is similar to the f.bottomzoom function but causes the selected window is only resized to the left half of the display.

f.lower
    This function lowers the selected window.

f.menu string
    This function invokes the menu specified by the argument string. Cascaded menus may be built by nesting calls to f.menu.

f.move
    This function drags an outline of the selected window (or the window itself if the OpaqueMove variable is set) until the invoking pointer button is released. Double clicking within the number of milliseconds given by ConstrainedMoveTime warps the pointer to the center of the window and constrains the move to be either horizontal or vertical depending on which grid line is crossed. To abort a move, press another button before releasing the first button.

f.nail
    This function nails or unnails the specified window onto the real screen—the current value of this property is toggled on the specified window.

f.namedoor
    This replaces the name of the door in which the cursor is currently located with the contents of the cutbuffer. Consider it a paste.

f.newdoor
    This function creates a new door with it's destination and name set to the real screen's current position in the virtual desktop.

f.nexticonmgr
    This function warps the pointer to the next icon manager containing any windows on the current or any succeeding screen.

f.nop
    This function does nothing and is typically used with the DefaultFunction or WindowFunction variables or to introduce blank lines in menus.

f.panup N

f.pandown N

f.panleft N

f.panright N
    These functions move the real screen by N% of the screen dimension in the indicated direction. These are ideally bound to the cursor keys:
        	"Up" = : all : f.panup "50"

f.previconmgr
    This function warps the pointer to the previous icon manager containing any windows on the current or preceding screens.

f.quit
    This function causes vtwm to restore the window's borders and exit. If vtwm is the first client invoked from xdm, this will result in a server reset.

f.raise
    This function raises the selected window.

f.raiselower
    This function raises the selected window to the top of the stacking order if it is occluded by any windows, otherwise the window will be lowered.

f.refresh
    This function causes all windows to be refreshed.

f.resetdesktop
    This function moves the real display to (0,0)

f.resize
    This function displays an outline of the selected window. Crossing a border (or setting AutoRelativeResize) will cause the outline to begin to rubber band until the invoking button is released. To abort a resize, press another button before releasing the first button.

f.restart
    This function kills and restarts vtwm.

f.righticonmgr
    This function is similar to f.nexticonmgr except that wrapping does not change rows.

f.rightzoom
    This variable is similar to the f.bottomzoom function except that the selected window is only resized to the right half of the display.

f.ring
    Selects a window and adds it to the WarpRing, or removes it if it was already in the ring. This command makes the f.warpring much more useful, by making its configuration dynamic.

f.saveyourself
    This function sends a WM_SAVEYOURSELF message to the selected window if it has requested the message in its WM_PROTOCOLS window property. Clients that accept this message are supposed to checkpoint all state associated with the window and update the WM_COMMAND property as specified in the ICCCM. If the selected window has not selected for this message, the keyboard bell will be rung.

f.setrealscreen XxY
    This function sets the real screen to the virtual coordinates (X,Y).

f.showdesktopdisplay
    This function maps the desktop display.

f.showiconmgr
    This function maps the current icon manager.

f.snap
    This function snaps the real screen to a grid defined on virtual space with PanDistanceX and PanDistanceY increments.

f.snugwindow
    moves the display to try to fit the selected window completely on the screen

f.snugdesktop
    moves the display to try to fit all partially visible windows completely on the screen.

f.sorticonmgr
    This function sorts the entries in the current icon manager alphabetically. See the variable SortIconManager.

f.squeezecenter
    Selects a window and makes its title appear as though you had configured it as SqueezeTitle center 0 0; makes squeezed titles much more useful because their configuration is dynamic.

f.squeezeleft
    Selects a window and makes its title appear as though you had configured it as SqueezeTitle left 0 0; makes squeezed titles much more useful because their configuration is dynamic.

f.squeezeright
    Selects a window and makes its title appear as though you had configured it as SqueezeTitle right 0 0; makes squeezed titles much more useful because their configuration is dynamic.

f.title
    This function provides a centered, unselectable item in a menu definition. It should not be used in any other context.

f.topzoom
    This variable is similar to the f.bottomzoom function except that the selected window is only resized to the top half of the display.

f.unfocus
    This function resets the focus back to pointer-driven. This should be used when a focused window is no longer desired.

f.upiconmgr
    This function warps the pointer to the previous row in the current icon manager, wrapping to the last row in the same column if necessary.

f.vlzoom
    This function is a synonym for f.leftzoom.

f.vrzoom
    This function is a synonym for f.rightzoom.

f.warpring string
    This function warps the pointer to the next or previous window (as indicated by the argument string, which may be "next" or "prev") specified in the WindowRing variable.

f.warpto string
    This function warps the pointer to the window which has a name or class that matches string. If the window is iconified, it will be deiconified if the variable WarpUnmapped is set or else ignored.

f.warptoiconmgr string
    This function warps the pointer to the icon manager entry associated with the window containing the pointer in the icon manager specified by the argument string. If string is empty (i.e. ""), the current icon manager is chosen.

f.warptoscreen string
    This function warps the pointer to the screen specified by the argument string. String may be a number (e.g. "0" or "1"), the word "next" (indicating the current screen plus 1, skipping over any unmanaged screens), the word "back" (indicating the current screen minus 1, skipping over any unmanaged screens), or the word "prev" (indicating the last screen visited.

f.winrefresh
    This function is similar to the f.refresh function except that only the selected window is refreshed.

f.zoom
    This function is similar to the f.fullzoom function, except that the only the height of the selected window is changed.

MENUS

Functions may be grouped and interactively selected using pop-up (when bound to a pointer button) or pull-down (when associated with a titlebutton) menus. Each menu specification contains the name of the menu as it will be referred to by f.menu, optional default foreground and background colors, the list of item names and the functions they should invoke, and optional foreground and background colors for individual items:
    Menu "menuname" [ ("deffore":"defback") ]
    {
    	string1	[ ("fore1":"back1")]	function1
    	string2	[ ("fore2":"back2")]	function2
    		.
    		.
    		.
    	stringN	[ ("foreN":"backN")]	functionN
    }

The menuname is case-sensitive. The optional deffore and defback arguments specify the foreground and background colors used on a color display to highlight menu entries. The string portion of each menu entry will be the text which will appear in the menu. The optional fore and back arguments specify the foreground and background colors of the menu entry when the pointer is not in the entry. These colors will only be used on a color display. The default is to use the colors specified by the MenuForeground and MenuBackground variables. The function portion of the menu entry is one of the functions, including any user-defined functions, or additional menus.

There is a special menu named TwmWindows which contains the names of all of the client and vtwm-supplied windows. Selecting an entry will cause the WindowFunction to be executed on that window. If WindowFunction hasn't been set, the window will be deiconified and raised. This menu uses the same colors as the little windows in the panner.

ICONS
Vtwm supports several different ways of manipulating iconified windows. The common pixmap-and-text style may be laid out by hand or automatically arranged as described by the IconRegion variable. In addition, a terse grid of icon names, called an icon manager, provides a more efficient use of screen space as well as the ability to navigate among windows from the keyboard.

An icon manager is a window that contains names of selected or all windows currently on the display. In addition to the window name, a small button using the default iconify symbol will be displayed to the left of the name when the window is iconified. By default, clicking on an entry in the icon manager performs f.iconify. To change the actions taken in the icon manager, use the the iconmgr context when specifying button and keyboard bindings.

Moving the pointer into the icon manager also directs keyboard focus to the indicated window (setting the focus explicitly or else sending synthetic events NoTitleFocus is set). Using the f.upiconmgr, f.downiconmgr f.lefticonmgr, and f.righticonmgr functions, the input focus can be changed between windows directly from the keyboard.

BUGS
The resource manager should have been used instead of all of the window lists.

The IconRegion variable should take a list.

Double clicking very fast to get the constrained move function will sometimes cause the window to move, even though the pointer is not moved.

If IconifyByUnmapping is on and windows are listed in IconManagerDontShow but not in DontIconifyByUnmapping, they may be lost if they are iconified and no bindings to f.menu "TwmWindows" or f.warpto are setup.

FILES

 $HOME/.vtwmrc.<screen number>
 $HOME/.twmrc.<screen number>
 $HOME/.vtwmrc
 $HOME/.twmrc
 $LIBDIR/twm/system.vtwmrc

ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES

DISPLAY
    This variable is used to determine which X server to use. It is also set during f.exec so that programs come up on the proper screen.

HOME
    This variable is used as the prefix for files that begin with a tilde and for locating the vtwm startup file.

SEE ALSO

X(1), Xserver(1), xdm(1), xrdb(1), twm(1)

COPYRIGHT
Portions copyright 1988 Evans & Sutherland Computer Corporation; portions copyright 1989 Hewlett-Packard Company and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, See X(1) for a full statement of rights and permissions.

AUTHORS
Tom LaStrange, Solbourne Computer; Jim Fulton, MIT X Consortium; Steve Pitschke, Stardent Computer; Keith Packard, MIT X Consortium; Dave Payne, Apple Computer; Nick Williams <njw@cs.city.ac.uk>; Dave Edmondson, Santa Cruz Operation, <davided@sco.com>; Dana Chee, Bellcore, (R5 conversion) <dana@thumper.bellcore.com>; Warren Jessop, University of Washington, whj@cs.washington.edu; thoth@reef.cis.ufl.edu (Gilligan); tar@math.ksu.edu (Tim Ramsey), Ralph Betza, gnohmon@ssiny.com, Claude Lecommandeur (lecom@sic.epfl.ch)