# Introduction

### What is SARA?

SARA is the Security Auditor's Research Assistant. It is a derived work of SATAN (Security Administrator Tool for Analyzing Networks) developed by Dan Farmer and Wietse Venema. SATAN can be found at porcupine.org. It enhances SATAN by providing (1) an improved user interface, (2) up to date vulnerability tests, and (3) a commercially supported product, SARA Pro. The SARA developers cannot emphasize enough that without the SATAN foundation, SARA would not exist. SATAN is the basis of the security engine, program architecture, and documentation.

In its simplest (and default) mode, it gathers as much information about remote hosts and networks as possible by examining such network services as finger, NFS, NIS, ftp and tftp, rexd, and other services. The information gathered includes the presence of various network information services as well as potential security flaws -- usually in the form of incorrectly setup or configured network services, well-known bugs in system or network utilities, or poor or ignorant policy decisions. It can then either report on this data or use a simple rule-based system to investigate any potential security problems. Users can then examine, query, and analyze the output with an HTML browser, such as Mosaic or Netscape. While the program is primarily geared towards analyzing the security implications of the results, a great deal of general network information can be gained when using the tool - network topology, network services running, types of hardware and software being used on the network, etc.

However, the real power of SARA comes into play when used in exploratory mode. Based on the initial data collection and a user configurable ruleset, it will examine the avenues of trust and dependency and iterate further data collection runs over secondary hosts. This not only allows the user to analyze her or his own network or hosts, but also to examine the real implications inherent in network trust and services and help them make reasonably educated decisions about the security level of the systems involved.

### What is coSARA?

coSARA is an integration of SARA and coLinux to yield a working SARA on Windows platforms. coSARA consists of the SARA binaries, the coLinux binaries, and one of two Linux filesystems for text-based or X-Windows based applications. It is really neat, thanks in very large part to the coLinux capability.

### Who should use SARA?

SARA should prove to be most useful when used by the system or security administrators who own or are responsible for the security of the systems involved. However, since it is freely available and sees widespread use throughout the Internet community, it should be used by anyone who is concerned about the security of their systems, since potential intruders will be able to access the same security vulnerability information and since it is quite likely that it will uncover security problems that were previously unknown.

### How does it work?

SARA has a target acquisition program that uses fping to determine whether or not a host or set of hosts in a subnet are alive. (for a firewall environment, SARA uses fwping to determine the pressence of host(s)). It then passes this target list to an engine that drives the data collection and the main feedback loop. Each host is examined to see if it has been seen before, and, if not, a list of tests/probes is run against it (the set of tests depends on the distance the host is from the initial target and what probe level has been set.) The tests emit a data record that has the hostname, the test run, and any results found from the probe; this data is saved in files for analysis. The user interface uses HTML to link the often vast amounts of data to more coherent and palatable results that the user can readily digest and understand.

SARA introduced the "firewall mode" where fping is replaced with fwping, and ping-less method for detecting hosts on a network. SARA also offers features to improve scanning performance.

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